In another bronze from the tenth century, Shiva is depicted with his two front hands poised to hold a (now missing) vina, a stringed instrument still played today. In his upper left hand, Shiva holds a damaru (waisted drum) on which he beats the world into existence. A South Indian bronze sculpture from the tenth century depicts the god Shiva with his left leg raised in a dance posture. The god Shiva is revered as the essence of sound and the deity who brought music to the world. Several Hindu deities are closely associated with music. Music features prominently in Indian art, ranging from religious iconography and depictions of court life to scenes of romantic love and visual representations of musical moods. His recent collaborations with percussionist Sivamani led to the formation of Friends of Drums, which helps emerging musicians share the stage with more accomplished artists. Subhen created one of India’s leading fusion bands, Karma, in 1985.
Subhen Chatterjee has participated frequently in the international WOMAD (World Music and Dance) festival, founded by guitarist Peter Gabriel, where he has collaborated with flutist Paul Horn, David Cosby, and others. He incorporates other gharana into his performances as well. He bases his style on the Lucknow gharana (school), which he learned from his guru, Swapan Chowdhury. Jog, Rashid Khan, Shahid Parvez, Viswa Mohan Bhatt, Ashish Khan, Manilal Nag, and Ali Ahmed Hussain Khan, among others. He has accompanied such leading soloists as Bhimsen Joshi, Girija Devi, Jasraj, Pt. Subhen Chatterjee is considered one of the finest tabla players of this generation. In India, he has received some of the country’s highest music awards, including the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1998 and Padma Shri in 2002. He subsequently appeared as part of Eric Clapton’s 2004 Crossroads Guitar Festival. Their recording, A Meeting by the River, received the Grammy for best world music album in 1994. He has also collaborated with such Western artists as Taj Mahal, Béla Fleck, and Jerry Douglas, with his greatest fame coming after the Grammy Award for his collaboration with American guitarist Ry Cooder. He has performed Indian classical music around the world, including concerts in Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Scotland, Switzerland, Denmark, the United States, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union. Vishwa Mohan Bhatt began recording in India in 1970 and later toured with Ravi Shankar, appearing on his recording, Inside the Kremlin (1989). He currently uses a polished steel rod for the slide and the wire mizrabs of a sitar for the pick. His first original instrument was adapted from a Spanish guitar he found at the school, to which he added drone and sympathetic strings. He was born into a musical family in Rajasthan in 1952 and began his musical training under his father, who ran a music school. His instrument, the mohan vina, is an original adaptation of the Hawaiian guitar, featuring fourteen additional strings, enabling him to incorporate playing styles from other Indian instruments such as the sitar, sarod, and vina. Winner of the Grammy Award in 1994, Vishwa Mohan Bhatt is a leading disciple of Ravi Shankar.
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